Important Elements

Rate: The optimal rate for an oral presentation is about 100 words per minute—any faster and the audience can't absorb the information. Use pauses and repeat critical information.

Opening: The opening should catch the interest and attention of the audience immediately, while avoiding trite filler phrases (Thank you for having me…) and technical jargon.

Transitions: The link between successive elements of the talk should be smooth and logical. You should make the relation between successive elements clear to the audience.

Conclusion: Summarize the main concepts you've discussed and how your work relates to issues you've raised. Signal that the summary is beginning (In summary,...).

Length: Don't run over! Ever! If it becomes essential to supply details that would extend your presentation beyond the time limit, supplement your presentation with a handout. Always leave time for a few questions at the end of the talk.

Handling Questions

• Always repeat each question so the entire audience knows what you've been asked.

• Before you answer, take a moment to reflect on the question. If you are unsure what was asked, restate the question or ask for a clarification.

• Wait for the questioner to finish asking the question before you begin your answer. The only exception is when it becomes necessary to break in on a vague, rambling question; this is your show, and you have only a limited time to make your presentation. You may say something, such as "So, are you asking ....?" This will focus the question and give you a place to begin an answer.

• If a question is asked during the talk and it will clarify an ambiguity, answer it immediately.

• Postpone questions aimed at resolving specific problems until the end of the talk or private discussion. This is particularly important if the answer will distract either you or the audience away from the flow of your presentation.

• Avoid prolonged discussions with one person, extended answers and especially arguments.

• If you can't answer a question, just say so. You may then…

• Offer to research an answer and get back to the questioner later,

• Suggest resources which would help the questioner to address the question themselves, or

• Ask for suggestions from the audience.

• Finish your answer by asking the person who asked that question whether or not you answered the question sufficiently for them. If the questioner says you didn't answer it and you believe you did, either ask them to clarity the question or suggest that the two of you go into more detail at a break or after the presentation.

 

 

NOW PRACTICE!